---
title: He laid himself down with his head upon the grass, putting under him… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He laid himself down with his head upon the grass, putting under him his horn and his sword, with his face turned towards the heathen foe. Who acts: Roland, face. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland, with its dependency tre
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Death of Roland, sentence 38

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He laid himself down with his head upon the grass, putting under him his horn and his sword, with his face turned towards the heathen foe.

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**Who acts:** Roland, face · **What happens:** lay down, put, turn · **To what, where:** Roland, grass, horn, heathen foe

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Death of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, face), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:35:38
# text = He laid himself down with his head upon the grass, putting under him his horn and his sword, with his face turned towards the heathen foe.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
13	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
25	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	heathen	heathen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	foe	foe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay down** | past | Roland | Roland |  | the grass |  | with Roland's head | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent himself=Theme upon grass=Destination |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | Roland *not said here* | Roland's horn and Roland's sword |  |  |  | under Roland | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horn=Theme under he=Destination |
| 3 | **turn** | past | Roland's face |  |  | the heathen foe |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme towards foe=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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