---
title: Then he turned to his nobles, and called four by name, and said to t… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he turned to his nobles, and called four by name, and said to them, "Guard this field, these valleys and these hills. Who acts: France. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 12

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Then he turned to his nobles, and called four by name, and said to them, "Guard this field, these valleys and these hills.

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**Who acts:** France · **What happens:** turn, call, say · **To what, where:** nobles, warriors · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (France), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:36:12
# text = Then he turned to his nobles, and called four by name, and said to them, "Guard this field, these valleys and these hills.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	nobles	noble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	xcomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Guard	Guard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	25	det	_	_
25	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | France |  |  | France's nobles | then |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to noble=Trajectory |
| 2 | **call** | participle | France *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by name; four *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | France *not said here* |  | warriors *= warrior* |  |  | this Guard field and this valleys and this hills *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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