---
title: First the Emir spoke, saying, "King Charles, you have slain my son;… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: First the Emir spoke, saying, "King Charles, you have slain my son; you have wrongfully invaded my land. Who acts: Emir, you. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 192

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First the Emir spoke, saying, "King Charles, you have slain my son; you have wrongfully invaded my land.

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**Who acts:** Emir, you · **What happens:** speak, say, slay, invade · **To what, where:** Charles, son, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emir, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:36:192
# text = First the Emir spoke, saying, "King Charles, you have slain my son; you have wrongfully invaded my land.
1	First	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Emir	Emir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:desc	_	_
10	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	wrongfully	wrongfully	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	invaded	invade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
22	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Emir |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the Emir *not said here* | Charles  King |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent charles=Topic |
| 3 | **slay** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | my son |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
| 4 | **invade** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | my land |  |  |  | wrongfully *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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