---
title: He gave his sword and his armour to his servants, and laid himself d… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He gave his sword and his armour to his servants, and laid himself down in sore distress upon the green grass under an olive-tree. Who acts: Meanwhile. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, with its dependency t
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 48

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He gave his sword and his armour to his servants, and laid himself down in sore distress upon the green grass under an olive-tree.

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**Who acts:** Meanwhile · **What happens:** give, lay down · **To what, where:** sword, servants, Meanwhile, sore distress

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Meanwhile), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:36:48
# text = He gave his sword and his armour to his servants, and laid himself down in sore distress upon the green grass under an olive-tree.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	down	down	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
23	under	under	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	olive	olive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Meanwhile | Meanwhile's sword and Meanwhile's armour | Meanwhile's servants |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sword=Theme to servant=Recipient |
| 2 | **lay down** | past | Meanwhile *not said here* | Meanwhile |  | sore distress |  | upon the green grass; under a olive tree | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent himself=Theme in distress=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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