---
title: All the Twelve Peers whom he had left behind to guard the passes he… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: All the Twelve Peers whom he had left behind to guard the passes he called, but no man answered. Who acts: King, man. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 5

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All the Twelve Peers whom he had left behind to guard the passes he called, but no man answered.

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**Who acts:** King, man · **What happens:** leave behind, guard, call, answer · **To what, where:** Twelve Peers, passes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:36:5
# text = All the Twelve Peers whom he had left behind to guard the passes he called, but no man answered.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	Peers	Peer	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	guard	guard	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	passes	pass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	19	det	_	_
19	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave behind** | past · perfect · passive |  | all Twelve Peers |  |  |  | whom *nsubj:pass*; King *nsubj*; behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **guard** | to-infinitive |  | the passes |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pass=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **call** | past | King | the passes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pass=Recipient |
| 4 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | no man |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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