---
title: Then spake up the Duke Naymes, "Sire," said he, "see you that cloud… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then spake up the Duke Naymes, "Sire," said he, "see you that cloud of dust, two leagues away? ' Who acts: Duke Naymes. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance, sentence 7

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Then spake up the Duke Naymes, "Sire," said he, "see you that cloud of dust, two leagues away? '

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**Who acts:** Duke Naymes · **What happens:** speak up, say, see, cloud · **To what, where:** you, dust · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Charlemagne Sought Vengeance. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:36:7
# text = Then spake up the Duke Naymes, "Sire," said he, "see you that cloud of dust, two leagues away? '
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	spake	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	leagues	league	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
25	away	away	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak up** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  |  | then |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | the Duke Naymes |  |  |  |  | Naymes *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | you |  |  |  | that cloud of dust and two leagues *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cloud** *in a quote* |  |  | dust |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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