---
title: Ganelon spake again, saying, "I beseech you, my lords, to hear my de… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ganelon spake again, saying, "I beseech you, my lords, to hear my defence. Who acts: Ganelon spake, my. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Punishment of Ganelon, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Punishment of Ganelon, sentence 12

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Ganelon spake again, saying, "I beseech you, my lords, to hear my defence.

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**Who acts:** Ganelon spake, my · **What happens:** say, beseech, hear, defend · **To what, where:** lords, you, defence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Punishment of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ganelon spake, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:37:12
# text = Ganelon spake again, saying, "I beseech you, my lords, to hear my defence.
1	Ganelon	Ganelon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	spake	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	beseech	beseech	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	lords	lord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Ganelon spake | my lords |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **beseech** *in a quote* | present | Ganelon spake *= speak* | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Ganelon spake *not said here* | my defence |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer defence=Stimulus |
| 4 | **defend** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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