---
title: Thereupon I bade defiance to Roland and to Oliver and to all his com… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thereupon I bade defiance to Roland and to Oliver and to all his company, as the King and all here present will bear witness. Who acts: I, King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Punishment of Ganelon, with its dependency tree and the
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/37/17/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [Of the Punishment of Ganelon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/37/) / 17

# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Punishment of Ganelon, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thereupon I bade defiance to Roland and to Oliver and to all his company, as the King and all here present will bear witness.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, King · **What happens:** bade, bear · **To what, where:** defiance, Roland, witness

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Punishment of Ganelon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:37:17
# text = Thereupon I bade defiance to Roland and to Oliver and to all his company, as the King and all here present will bear witness.
1	Thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bade	bade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	defiance	defiance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
21	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	amod	_	_
22	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
25	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bade** | past | I | defiance | Roland and Oliver and Roland's company |  |  | thereupon *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | future | the King and all present | witness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent witness=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/37/16/)
- next →: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/37/18/)
- ↑ back to [Of the Punishment of Ganelon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/37/)