---
title: Then said Huon, "I will prove that this Amaury is a false liar, and… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Huon, "I will prove that this Amaury is a false liar, and will make him confess that I knew not the knight whom I slew to be the King's son. Who acts: Huon, Amaury, knight. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles Sent Hu
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand, sentence 82

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Then said Huon, "I will prove that this Amaury is a false liar, and will make him confess that I knew not the knight whom I slew to be the King's son.

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**Who acts:** Huon, Amaury, knight · **What happens:** say, prove, be, make, confess, not know · **To what, where:** false liar, knight, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, Amaury, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:38:82
# text = Then said Huon, "I will prove that this Amaury is a false liar, and will make him confess that I knew not the knight whom I slew to be the King's son.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Huon	Huon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	Amaury	Amaury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	confess	confess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	30	obj	_	_
29	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	cop	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	's	's	PART	POS	_	34	case	_	_
36	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Huon |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **prove** *in a quote* | future | Huon |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this Amaury | a false liar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** *in a quote* | future | Huon *not said here* | knight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **confess** *in a quote* | infinitive | knight *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **not** **know** *in a quote* | past | Huon | the knight |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer knight=Stimulus |
| 7 | **slay** *in a quote* | past | Huon | the knight |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Patient |
| 8 | **is a** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Huon *not said here* | the King's son |  |  |  | the King *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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