---
title: When all was ready, the two champions took each his oath upon the ho… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When all was ready, the two champions took each his oath upon the holy relics that he had spoken the truth, and then made themselves ready for the fight. Who acts: all, two champions, man. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles S
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand, sentence 87

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When all was ready, the two champions took each his oath upon the holy relics that he had spoken the truth, and then made themselves ready for the fight.

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**Who acts:** all, two champions, man · **What happens:** be, take, speak, make · **To what, where:** oath, truth, champions · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, two champions, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:38:87
# text = When all was ready, the two champions took each his oath upon the holy relics that he had spoken the truth, and then made themselves ready for the fight.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	champions	champion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	relics	relic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
27	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	26	obj	_	_
28	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past | the two champions | man's oath |  |  |  | upon the holy relics | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · perfect | man | the truth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | past | the two champions *not said here* | champions *= champion* |  |  | then | ready *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset themselves=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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