---
title: But Huon answered, "Be silent, false traitor," and he made as if he… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But Huon answered, "Be silent, false traitor," and he made as if he would strike him on the helmet; but when Amaury raised his sword to guard the blow, then Huon turned suddenly his stroke, and smote the man under his guard so that he lopped off his left arm. Who acts: Huon, horse, Amaury. A sentenc
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand, sentence 97

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But Huon answered, "Be silent, false traitor," and he made as if he would strike him on the helmet; but when Amaury raised his sword to guard the blow, then Huon turned suddenly his stroke, and smote the man under his guard so that he lopped off his left arm.

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**Who acts:** Huon, horse, Amaury · **What happens:** answer, be, make, strike, raise, guard · **To what, where:** brother, sword, blow, stroke, man, guard · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How King Charles Sent Huon on an Errand. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, horse, Amaury), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:38:97
# text = But Huon answered, "Be silent, false traitor," and he made as if he would strike him on the helmet; but when Amaury raised his sword to guard the blow, then Huon turned suddenly his stroke, and smote the man under his guard so that he lopped off his left arm.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Huon	Huon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	strike	strike	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
27	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	29	advmod	_	_
28	Amaury	Amaury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	advcl	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	guard	guard	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
37	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	38	advmod	_	_
38	Huon	Huon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
39	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
40	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	stroke	stroke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	conj	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
48	under	under	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	50	nmod:poss	_	_
50	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	_
51	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	54	mark	_	_
52	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	51	fixed	_	_
53	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj	_	_
54	lopped	lop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	advcl	_	_
55	off	off	ADP	RP	_	54	compound:prt	_	_
56	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
57	left	left	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Huon |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | false traitor *parataxis*; silent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | past | horse |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **strike** | would | horse | brother |  |  |  | on the helmet | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument on helmet=Patient |
| 5 | **raise** | past | Amaury | horse's sword |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |
| 6 | **guard** | to-infinitive | Amaury *not said here* | the blow |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Beneficiary |
| 7 | **turn** | past | Huon | horse's stroke |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stroke=Theme |
| 8 | **smite** | past | Huon *not said here* | the man |  | horse's guard |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus man=Experiencer |
| 9 | **lop off** | past | horse | horse's left arm |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 10 | **stroke** |  | horse |  |  |  |  |  | nom stroke «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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