---
title: Then said the Duke, "I would lose my castle and the half of my land,… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said the Duke, "I would lose my castle and the half of my land, if only my brother Benes had not slain the Prince Lothair." Who acts: Duke. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, with its dependency tree a
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 13

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Then said the Duke, "I would lose my castle and the half of my land, if only my brother Benes had not slain the Prince Lothair."

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**Who acts:** Duke · **What happens:** say, lose, not slay · **To what, where:** castle, brother Benes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:4:13
# text = Then said the Duke, "I would lose my castle and the half of my land, if only my brother Benes had not slain the Prince Lothair."
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	11	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
20	only	only	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	Benes	bene	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:desc	_	_
29	Lothair	Lothair	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Duke |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lose** *in a quote* | would | the Duke *= duke* | my castle and the half of my land |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Eventuality |
| 3 | **not** **slay** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | past · perfect · passive |  | my brother Benes |  |  |  | the Lothair  Prince *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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