---
title: See," said he, "how these men whom I promoted to great honour have b… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: See," said he, "how these men whom I promoted to great honour have betrayed me. Who acts: you, I, King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 15

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See," said he, "how these men whom I promoted to great honour have betrayed me.

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**Who acts:** you, I, King · **What happens:** see, say, promote, betray · **To what, where:** men, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:4:15
# text = See," said he, "how these men whom I promoted to great honour have betrayed me.
1	See	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
11	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	promoted	promote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	honour	honour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **promote** | past | I | this men |  |  |  | to great honour | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme |
| 4 | **betray** | present · perfect | King | me |  |  |  | this men *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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