---
title: When Gerard of Roussillon, that was brother to Duke Benes, heard tha… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Gerard of Roussillon, that was brother to Duke Benes, heard that the King was now near at hand, he said to the Duke, "Let us go without delay against the King." Who acts: Gerard, King, us. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 32

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When Gerard of Roussillon, that was brother to Duke Benes, heard that the King was now near at hand, he said to the Duke, "Let us go without delay against the King."

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**Who acts:** Gerard, King, us · **What happens:** be, hear, say, let, go · **To what, where:** brother, Duke, hand, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerard, King, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:4:32
# text = When Gerard of Roussillon, that was brother to Duke Benes, heard that the King was now near at hand, he said to the Duke, "Let us go without delay against the King."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
2	Gerard	Gerard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Roussillon	Roussillon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	Benes	Benes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
19	near	near	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	ccomp	_	_
31	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	without	without	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
35	against	against	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	30	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | that brother | Duke |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | past | Gerard of Roussillon |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | the King |  |  | hand | now |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | King |  | the Duke |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to duke=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without delay against the King | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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