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title: But the Duke himself sprang lightly from the ground, and fought righ… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But the Duke himself sprang lightly from the ground, and fought right valiantly on foot, slaying sundry of those who thought to take him alive. Who acts: Duke. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, with its de
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 48

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But the Duke himself sprang lightly from the ground, and fought right valiantly on foot, slaying sundry of those who thought to take him alive.

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**Who acts:** Duke · **What happens:** spring, fight, slay, think, take · **To what, where:** ground, foot, sundry, Duke

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:4:48
# text = But the Duke himself sprang lightly from the ground, and fought right valiantly on foot, slaying sundry of those who thought to take him alive.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	_
5	sprang	spring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	right	right	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	valiantly	valiantly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	slaying	slay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
19	sundry	sundry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	19	nmod	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spring** | past | the Duke  Duke |  |  | the ground |  | lightly *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ground=Trajectory |
| 2 | **fight** | past | the Duke  Duke *not said here* |  |  | foot |  | valiantly *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **slay** | gerund | the Duke  Duke *not said here* | sundry of those |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sundry=Patient |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | past |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | to-infinitive |  |  | Duke |  |  | alive *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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