---
title: To him came one Guenes, who was his nephew, saying, "Sire, Duke Bene… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: To him came one Guenes, who was his nephew, saying, "Sire, Duke Benes is on his way hither with a company of knights. Who acts: one Guenes, Sire. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, with its dependency tree 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Duke Benes Came By His End, sentence 83

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To him came one Guenes, who was his nephew, saying, "Sire, Duke Benes is on his way hither with a company of knights.

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**Who acts:** one Guenes, Sire · **What happens:** come, be, say · **To what, where:** one Guenes, King, nephew, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Duke Benes Came By His End. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one Guenes, Sire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:4:83
# text = To him came one Guenes, who was his nephew, saying, "Sire, Duke Benes is on his way hither with a company of knights.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	Guenes	Guenes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	Benes	Benes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	ccomp	_	_
23	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | one Guenes | King |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | one Guenes | King's nephew |  |  |  | King *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with a company of knights | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent with company=Manner |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Sire |  |  | King's way |  | King *nmod:poss*; hither *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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