---
title: But when he gave it to the Duke, lo! in a moment it was empty. — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But when he gave it to the Duke, lo! in a moment it was empty. Who acts: Duke, sign. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, sentence 42

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But when he gave it to the Duke, lo! in a moment it was empty.

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**Who acts:** Duke, sign · **What happens:** give, be · **To what, where:** sign, Duke, moment

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, sign), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:40:42
# text = But when he gave it to the Duke, lo! in a moment it was empty.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Duke | sign | the Duke |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to duke=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | past | sign | a moment *not said here* |  |  |  | empty *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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