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title: Having done this he said, "Sirs, now it is time to show your courage… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Having done this he said, "Sirs, now it is time to show your courage, if you would have freedom instead of bondage." Who acts: arm, chamber, you. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, with its dependency tre
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, sentence 62

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Having done this he said, "Sirs, now it is time to show your courage, if you would have freedom instead of bondage."

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**Who acts:** arm, chamber, you · **What happens:** do, say, be, show, have · **To what, where:** this, Sirs, time, courage, freedom · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arm, chamber, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:40:62
# text = Having done this he said, "Sirs, now it is time to show your courage, if you would have freedom instead of bondage."
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux	_	_
2	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Sirs	sir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
23	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	26	case	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	bondage	bondage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund · perfect | arm *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | arm | Sirs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | chamber | time |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **show** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | arm *not said here* | your courage |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent courage=Recipient |
| 5 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | would | you | freedom |  |  |  | instead bondage | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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