--- title: But Geoffrey and the Frenchmen shut to the gates, and drew up the dr… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics description: But Geoffrey and the Frenchmen shut to the gates, and drew up the drawbridge, thinking to defend themselves in the castle, for they knew that the Duke would not be content till he had recovered it. Who acts: Geoffrey, Frenchmen, Duke. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of Fra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/40/71/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [Of the End of the False Duke Macaire](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/40/) / 71 # Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, sentence 71 But Geoffrey and the Frenchmen shut to the gates, and drew up the drawbridge, thinking to defend themselves in the castle, for they knew that the Duke would not be content till he had recovered it. **Who acts:** Geoffrey, Frenchmen, Duke · **What happens:** shut, draw up, think, defend, know, not be · **To what, where:** drawbridge, Frenchmen, castle · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geoffrey, Frenchmen, Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg75339:40:71 # text = But Geoffrey and the Frenchmen shut to the gates, and drew up the drawbridge, thinking to defend themselves in the castle, for they knew that the Duke would not be content till he had recovered it. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 2 Geoffrey Geoffrey PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Frenchmen Frenchman PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 6 shut shut VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 gates gate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 drew draw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 13 up up ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 drawbridge drawbridge NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 thinking think VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 18 to to PART TO _ 19 mark _ _ 19 defend defend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 xcomp _ _ 20 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 19 obj _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 castle castle NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 for for SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 Duke Duke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 31 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 33 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 34 cop _ _ 34 content content ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 ccomp _ _ 35 till till SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 36 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 recovered recover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 34 advcl _ _ 39 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shut** | past | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen | | | | | to the gates | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **draw up** | past | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen *not said here* | the drawbridge | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawbridge=Theme | | 3 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen *not said here* | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **defend** | to-infinitive | Geoffrey and the Frenchmen *not said here* | Frenchmen *= frenchman* | | the castle | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary | | 5 | **know** | past | Frenchmen *= frenchman* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **not** **is** | would | the Duke | | | | | content *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **recover** | past · perfect | Duke | drawbridge | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 70](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/40/70/) - next →: [sentence 72](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/40/72/) - ↑ back to [Of the End of the False Duke Macaire](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/40/)