---
title: He had engines of war with him, and ladders wherewith his men might… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: He had engines of war with him, and ladders wherewith his men might climb on to the walls and make a breach with pikes and mattocks. Who acts: Duke, men. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, with its depend
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire, sentence 73

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He had engines of war with him, and ladders wherewith his men might climb on to the walls and make a breach with pikes and mattocks.

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**Who acts:** Duke, men · **What happens:** have, ladder, climb, make · **To what, where:** engines, walls, breach

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the End of the False Duke Macaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:40:73
# text = He had engines of war with him, and ladders wherewith his men might climb on to the walls and make a breach with pikes and mattocks.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	ladders	ladder	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	wherewith	wherewith	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
16	on	on	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	breach	breach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	pikes	pike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	mattocks	mattock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Duke | engines of war with man |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient |
| 2 | **ladder** | present | Duke *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **climb** | might | Duke's men |  |  | the walls |  | wherewith *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to wall=Destination |
| 4 | **make** | infinitive | Duke's men *not said here* | a breach |  |  |  | with pikes and mattocks | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset breach=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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