---
title: I must tell this maiden that I, being a Christian man, may not have… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: I must tell this maiden that I, being a Christian man, may not have friendship with a Saracen; but of love I will not speak, lest it should shame her." Who acts: I, maiden. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Ca
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 123

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I must tell this maiden that I, being a Christian man, may not have friendship with a Saracen; but of love I will not speak, lest it should shame her."

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**Who acts:** I, maiden · **What happens:** tell, be, not have, not speak, shame · **To what, where:** maiden, Christian man, friendship, Esclairmonde · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, maiden), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:41:123
# text = I must tell this maiden that I, being a Christian man, may not have friendship with a Saracen; but of love I will not speak, lest it should shame her."
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
17	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Saracen	Saracen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	shame	shame	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
34	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | must | I | this maiden |  |  |  | that I | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent maiden=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund |  | a Christian man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **have** | may | I *not said here* | friendship |  |  |  | with a Saracen | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **speak** *speech: other* | future | I |  |  |  |  | of love | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **shame** | should | maiden | Esclairmonde |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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