---
title: I judge him to be of France, for I see on his shoulder three crosses… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: I judge him to be of France, for I see on his shoulder three crosses, gules; 'twere a pity that he should come to harm; yet what could fifty knights do against this giant? Who acts: I, Huon, fifty knights. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, H
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 13

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I judge him to be of France, for I see on his shoulder three crosses, gules; 'twere a pity that he should come to harm; yet what could fifty knights do against this giant?

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**Who acts:** I, Huon, fifty knights · **What happens:** judge, be, see, come, harm, do · **To what, where:** Huon, three crosses, shoulder, pity

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Huon, fifty knights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:41:13
# text = I judge him to be of France, for I see on his shoulder three crosses, gules; 'twere a pity that he should come to harm; yet what could fifty knights do against this giant?
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	judge	judge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	crosses	cross	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	gules	gule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	twere	twere	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	acl	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
31	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
32	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	36	obj	_	_
33	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
35	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
36	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
37	against	against	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | present | I | Huon |  |  |  | a pity *parataxis* | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent he=Value |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of France | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | present | I | three crosses and gules |  | Huon's shoulder |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **come** | should | Huon | a pity *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **harm** | to-infinitive | Huon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **do** | present | fifty knights |  |  |  |  | against this giant; what *obj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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