---
title: Now there was a handle which, being turned, stayed the beating of th… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now there was a handle which, being turned, stayed the beating of the flails. Who acts: handle. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon, sentence 15

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Now there was a handle which, being turned, stayed the beating of the flails.

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**Who acts:** handle · **What happens:** be, turn, stay, beat · **To what, where:** handle, beating, flails

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon, Having Slain a Giant, Came to Babylon. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:41:15
# text = Now there was a handle which, being turned, stayed the beating of the flails.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	beating	beating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	flails	flail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a handle |  |  | there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | gerund · passive |  | a handle |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **stay** | past |  | the beating of the flails |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme beating=Location |
| 4 | **beat** |  |  | the flails |  |  |  |  | nom beating «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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