---
title: There had been, it is said, many signs of his death--eclipses of the… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: There had been, it is said, many signs of his death--eclipses of the sun and moon, and other marvellous things. Who acts: Huon. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 120

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There had been, it is said, many signs of his death--eclipses of the sun and moon, and other marvellous things.

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**Who acts:** Huon · **What happens:** say, sign, die, eclipse · **To what, where:** two, death, sun · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:42:120
# text = There had been, it is said, many signs of his death--eclipses of the sun and moon, and other marvellous things.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	parataxis	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	--	--	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	eclipses	eclipse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle · passive |  | two |  |  |  | many signs of Huon's death and eclipses of the sun and moon and other marvellous things *parataxis* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **sign** |  |  | Huon's death |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **die** |  | Huon |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **eclipse** |  |  | the sun and moon |  |  |  |  | nom eclipse «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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