---
title: These," said Gerames, "are Frenchmen, whom the King took when they w… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: These," said Gerames, "are Frenchmen, whom the King took when they were sailing on the sea. Who acts: Gerames, King. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 15

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These," said Gerames, "are Frenchmen, whom the King took when they were sailing on the sea.

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**Who acts:** Gerames, King · **What happens:** say, be, take, sail · **To what, where:** These, Frenchmen, sea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerames, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:42:15
# text = These," said Gerames, "are Frenchmen, whom the King took when they were sailing on the sea.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Gerames	gerame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	Frenchmen	frenchman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	sailing	sail	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past |  | These |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Gerames | Frenchmen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | past | the King |  | Frenchmen |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument whom=Destination |
| 4 | **sail** | past · progressive | Gerames *= gerame* |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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