---
title: But in a short space he heard one of them lamenting his hard fate, a… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But in a short space he heard one of them lamenting his hard fate, and praying to the Lord Christ that He would succour them, "For," said he, "Thou knowest that we have done no wrong that we should be cast into this place, having come hither for the sake of our young lord Huon." Who acts: Huon, one,
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 36

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But in a short space he heard one of them lamenting his hard fate, and praying to the Lord Christ that He would succour them, "For," said he, "Thou knowest that we have done no wrong that we should be cast into this place, having come hither for the sake of our young lord Huon."

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**Who acts:** Huon, one, Thou, we · **What happens:** hear, lament, pray, succour, say, know · **To what, where:** one, short space, hard fate, words, we, place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, one, Thou, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:42:36
# text = But in a short space he heard one of them lamenting his hard fate, and praying to the Lord Christ that He would succour them, "For," said he, "Thou knowest that we have done no wrong that we should be cast into this place, having come hither for the sake of our young lord Huon."
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	lamenting	lament	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	fate	fate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	praying	pray	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	advcl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Christ	Christ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	succour	succour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
32	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	nsubj	_	_
37	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
38	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	37	advcl	_	_
42	no	no	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	xcomp	_	_
44	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
45	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
46	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
47	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	aux:pass	_	_
48	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	43	advcl	_	_
49	into	into	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	51	det	_	_
51	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
53	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	41	advcl	_	_
54	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	xcomp	_	_
55	hither	hither	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
56	for	for	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obl	_	_
59	of	of	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
60	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	62	nmod:poss	_	_
61	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	nmod	_	_
63	Huon	Huon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	62	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Huon | one of words |  | a short space |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lament** | gerund | one of words *not said here* | Huon's hard fate |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fate=Stimulus |
| 3 | **pray** | gerund | Huon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the Lord Christ | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **succour** | would | Huon | words *= word* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Huon |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **know** *in a quote* | present | Thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **do** *in a quote* | present · perfect | we |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **cast** *in a quote* | should · passive |  | we |  | this place |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into place=Product |
| 9 | **have** *in a quote* | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the sake of our young lord; hither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 11 | **fate** |  | Huon |  |  |  |  |  | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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