---
title: When Huon heard this, he knew that they were Frenchmen, and said, "T… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Huon heard this, he knew that they were Frenchmen, and said, "Tell me now, fair sir, what has befallen you." Who acts: Huon, words. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 37

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When Huon heard this, he knew that they were Frenchmen, and said, "Tell me now, fair sir, what has befallen you."

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**Who acts:** Huon, words · **What happens:** hear, know, be, say, tell, befall · **To what, where:** this, Frenchmen, Huon, fair sir · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Huon, words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:42:37
# text = When Huon heard this, he knew that they were Frenchmen, and said, "Tell me now, fair sir, what has befallen you."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Huon	Huon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	Frenchmen	frenchman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	iobj	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	sir	sir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	befallen	befall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Huon | this |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 2 | **know** | past | Huon |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | past | words *= word* | Frenchmen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Huon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | Huon |  | now | fair sir *parataxis* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 6 | **befall** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | fair sir |  |  |  | you *obj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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