---
title: Then the Frenchmen began to complain right bitterly concerning Geram… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the Frenchmen began to complain right bitterly concerning Gerames, saying that he was the worst and cruellest traitor on earth. " Who acts: Frenchmen, Huon. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, with
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 40

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Then the Frenchmen began to complain right bitterly concerning Gerames, saying that he was the worst and cruellest traitor on earth. "

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**Who acts:** Frenchmen, Huon · **What happens:** begin, complain, say, be · **To what, where:** concerning Gerames, worst cruellest traitor, earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frenchmen, Huon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:42:40
# text = Then the Frenchmen began to complain right bitterly concerning Gerames, saying that he was the worst and cruellest traitor on earth. "
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Frenchmen	Frenchman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	right	right	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	concerning	concerning	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Gerames	gerame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	worst	bad	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	amod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	cruellest	cruell	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	amod	_	_
20	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Frenchmen |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | the Frenchmen *not said here* | concerning Gerames |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the Frenchmen *not said here* | worst cruellest traitor |  | earth |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent traitor=Topic |
| 4 | **is** | past | Huon |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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