---
title: Then said Esclairmonde to her father, "Sir, it was told you that the… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Esclairmonde to her father, "Sir, it was told you that the French knight, Huon by name, whom you cast into prison, was dead of hunger. Who acts: Esclairmonde, father. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand 
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled, sentence 54

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Then said Esclairmonde to her father, "Sir, it was told you that the French knight, Huon by name, whom you cast into prison, was dead of hunger.

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**Who acts:** Esclairmonde, father · **What happens:** say, tell, cast, be · **To what, where:** father, land, prison · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Huon Returned, His Errand Fulfilled. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Esclairmonde, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:42:54
# text = Then said Esclairmonde to her father, "Sir, it was told you that the French knight, Huon by name, whom you cast into prison, was dead of hunger.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Esclairmonde	Esclairmonde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Huon	Huon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	conj	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	cast	cast	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Esclairmonde |  | Angolafer's father |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to father=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past · passive |  | land | Angolafer's father *= father* |  |  | the French knight *ccomp* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient you=Topic |
| 3 | **cast** *in a quote* | present | Angolafer's father *= father* |  |  | prison |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into prison=Product |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  | of hunger; dead *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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