---
title: Who are these?" said Guichard. — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Who are these?" said Guichard. Who acts: these. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/33/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/) / [How It Fared With the Brethren](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/) / 33

# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How It Fared With the Brethren, sentence 33

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who are these?" said Guichard.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** these · **What happens:** be, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:5:33
# text = Who are these?" said Guichard.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Guichard	Guichard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | these |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  | Guichard *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/32/)
- next →: [sentence 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/34/)
- ↑ back to [How It Fared With the Brethren](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/5/)