---
title: Richard, who was the youngest of the brethren, answered, "This is th… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Richard, who was the youngest of the brethren, answered, "This is the King's host, for I heard it said that he was coming to take vengeance upon us. Who acts: Richard, This, host. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Breth
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How It Fared With the Brethren, sentence 34

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Richard, who was the youngest of the brethren, answered, "This is the King's host, for I heard it said that he was coming to take vengeance upon us.

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**Who acts:** Richard, This, host · **What happens:** be, answer, hear, say, come, take · **To what, where:** host, vengeance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How It Fared With the Brethren. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Richard, This, host), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:5:34
# text = Richard, who was the youngest of the brethren, answered, "This is the King's host, for I heard it said that he was coming to take vengeance upon us.
1	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	1	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	parataxis	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	ccomp	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Richard |  |  |  |  | of the brethren; young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Richard |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | This | the King's host |  |  |  | the King *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 4 | **hear** *in a quote* | past | Richard |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | host |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **come** *in a quote* | past · progressive | Richard |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **take** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Richard *not said here* | vengeance |  |  |  | upon us | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vengeance=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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