---
title: Thereupon King Charles said to his barons, "You see how this man def… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thereupon King Charles said to his barons, "You see how this man defies us. Who acts: Charles, barons, man. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Coming of Roland, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Coming of Roland, sentence 12

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Thereupon King Charles said to his barons, "You see how this man defies us.

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**Who acts:** Charles, barons, man · **What happens:** say, see, defy · **To what, where:** barons, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Coming of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, barons, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:6:12
# text = Thereupon King Charles said to his barons, "You see how this man defies us.
1	Thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:desc	_	_
3	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	barons	baron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	defies	defy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
16	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Charles  King |  | King's barons |  |  | thereupon *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to baron=Recipient |
| 2 | **see** *in a quote* | present | King's barons *= baron* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **defy** *in a quote* | present | this man | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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