---
title: Never did knight bear himself better," answered the Duke, "only he n… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Never did knight bear himself better," answered the Duke, "only he needs a horse that should carry him well when he is fully armed. Who acts: knight, Duke, horse. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Coming of Roland, with its dependency tr
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Coming of Roland, sentence 27

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Never did knight bear himself better," answered the Duke, "only he needs a horse that should carry him well when he is fully armed.

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**Who acts:** knight, Duke, horse · **What happens:** not bear, answer, need, carry, be · **To what, where:** knight, Duke, horse · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Coming of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight, Duke, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:6:27
# text = Never did knight bear himself better," answered the Duke, "only he needs a horse that should carry him well when he is fully armed.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	_
24	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	28	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **bear** | past · do-support | knight | knight |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past |  |  | the Duke |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent duke=Eventuality |
| 3 | **need** | present | Duke | a horse |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot horse=Theme |
| 4 | **carry** | should | a horse | Duke |  |  |  | well *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present | Duke |  |  |  |  | armed, fully *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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