---
title: When the King saw this he said to Richard of Normandy, "This white h… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: When the King saw this he said to Richard of Normandy, "This white horse is marvellously swift, and he is like to Bayard, the horse of Reynaud, son of Aymon." Who acts: King, white horse, horse. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Coming o
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, The Coming of Roland, sentence 74

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When the King saw this he said to Richard of Normandy, "This white horse is marvellously swift, and he is like to Bayard, the horse of Reynaud, son of Aymon."

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**Who acts:** King, white horse, horse · **What happens:** see, say, be · **To what, where:** this, Richard · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, The Coming of Roland. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, white horse, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:6:74
# text = When the King saw this he said to Richard of Normandy, "This white horse is marvellously swift, and he is like to Bayard, the horse of Reynaud, son of Aymon."
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Normandy	Normandy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
15	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	marvellously	marvellously	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Bayard	Bayard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Aymon	Aymon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the King | this |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | King |  | Richard of Normandy |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to richard=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | this white horse |  |  |  |  | marvellously, swift *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | horse |  |  |  |  | like Bayard; son of Aymon *appos* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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