---
title: King Charles said to his knights and barons, "See now how this villa… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: King Charles said to his knights and barons, "See now how this villain Reynaud has deceived me, and carried away my crown. Who acts: Charles, my. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Treachery of King John, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Treachery of King John, sentence 1

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King Charles said to his knights and barons, "See now how this villain Reynaud has deceived me, and carried away my crown.

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**Who acts:** Charles, my · **What happens:** say, see, deceive, carry away, crown · **To what, where:** knights, villain, crown · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Treachery of King John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:7:1
# text = King Charles said to his knights and barons, "See now how this villain Reynaud has deceived me, and carried away my crown.
1	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	barons	baron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	See	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
13	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	deceived	deceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	away	away	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Charles  King |  | Charles's knights and barons |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to knight=Recipient |
| 2 | **see** *in a quote* | infinitive | Charles  King *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **deceive** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | this villain |  |  |  | me *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **carry away** *in a quote* | past | Charles  King *not said here* | my crown |  |  |  | away *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crown=Theme |
| 5 | **crown** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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