---
title: Meanwhile Mawgis knew how his kinsmen had been betrayed, and made ha… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Meanwhile Mawgis knew how his kinsmen had been betrayed, and made haste to succour them. Who acts: Mawgis, haste. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Treachery of King John, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Treachery of King John, sentence 103

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Meanwhile Mawgis knew how his kinsmen had been betrayed, and made haste to succour them.

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**Who acts:** Mawgis, haste · **What happens:** know, betray, make, succour · **To what, where:** kinsmen, haste · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Treachery of King John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mawgis, haste), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:7:103
# text = Meanwhile Mawgis knew how his kinsmen had been betrayed, and made haste to succour them.
1	Meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Mawgis	Mawgis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	kinsmen	kinsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	succour	succour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Mawgis |  |  |  |  | meanwhile *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **betray** | past · perfect · passive |  | Mawgis's kinsmen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | past | Mawgis *not said here* | haste |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **succour** | to-infinitive | haste *not said here* | kinsmen *= kinsman* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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