---
title: Then Richard was grievously wounded by Gerard Lord of Valence, and c… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Richard was grievously wounded by Gerard Lord of Valence, and came very near to death, but him also Reynaud, than whom there was never greater fighter in the world, rescued before it was too late. Who acts: Gerard Lord, world. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Treachery of King John, sentence 79

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Then Richard was grievously wounded by Gerard Lord of Valence, and came very near to death, but him also Reynaud, than whom there was never greater fighter in the world, rescued before it was too late.

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**Who acts:** Gerard Lord, world · **What happens:** wound, come, be, rescue · **To what, where:** Richard, greater fighter, world

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Treachery of King John. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gerard Lord, world), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:7:79
# text = Then Richard was grievously wounded by Gerard Lord of Valence, and came very near to death, but him also Reynaud, than whom there was never greater fighter in the world, rescued before it was too late.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	grievously	grievously	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	wounded	wound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Gerard	Gerard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Valence	valence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	near	near	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	parataxis	_	_
21	also	also	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
26	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	27	expl	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
28	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	30	amod	_	_
30	fighter	fighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	parataxis	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	rescued	rescue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	_
36	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
39	too	too	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wound** | past · passive | Gerard Lord of Valence | Richard |  |  | then | grievously *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  |  | Richard *parataxis*; near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | greater fighter |  | the world | never | whom *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **rescue** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | world |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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