---
title: But Reynaud, when he was now at the distance to charge, lighted down… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But Reynaud, when he was now at the distance to charge, lighted down off Bayard, and fixing his spear in the earth, tethered his horse, and running forward knelt before Roland and said to him, "I pray you to have pity on me, for you are of kin to me. Who acts: Reynaud, fixing, running. A sentence of
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Craft of Mawgis, sentence 45

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But Reynaud, when he was now at the distance to charge, lighted down off Bayard, and fixing his spear in the earth, tethered his horse, and running forward knelt before Roland and said to him, "I pray you to have pity on me, for you are of kin to me.

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**Who acts:** Reynaud, fixing, running · **What happens:** be, charge, light down, fix, tether, run · **To what, where:** spear, earth, horse, Roland, Reynaud, pity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Craft of Mawgis. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Reynaud, fixing, running), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:8:45
# text = But Reynaud, when he was now at the distance to charge, lighted down off Bayard, and fixing his spear in the earth, tethered his horse, and running forward knelt before Roland and said to him, "I pray you to have pity on me, for you are of kin to me.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	Reynaud	Reynaud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	charge	charge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	lighted	light	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
15	down	down	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Bayard	Bayard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
20	fixing	fix	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	csubj	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
27	tethered	tether	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	csubj	_	_
33	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	knelt	kneel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	conj	_	_
35	before	before	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Roland	Roland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
42	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
44	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	conj	_	_
45	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	44	obj	_	_
46	to	to	PART	TO	_	47	mark	_	_
47	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	advcl	_	_
48	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
49	on	on	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
52	for	for	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
53	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
54	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	56	cop	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	kin	kin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	parataxis	_	_
57	to	to	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Reynaud |  |  |  | now | at the distance | tree rules |
| 2 | **charge** | to-infinitive | Reynaud *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **light down** | participle | Reynaud |  |  |  |  | off Bayard | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fix** | gerund |  | Reynaud's spear |  | the earth |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent spear=Patient |
| 5 | **tether** | past | fixing | Reynaud's horse |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 6 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **kneel** | participle | running |  |  | Roland |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before roland=Location |
| 8 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | fixing *not said here* |  | Reynaud |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 9 | **pray** *in a quote* | present | fixing | Reynaud |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **have** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | fixing *not said here* | pity |  |  |  | on fixing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pity=Patient |
| 11 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Reynaud |  | fixing |  |  | for kin | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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