---
title: Yesterday, as I was passing over the river Gironde with ten men that… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: Yesterday, as I was passing over the river Gironde with ten men that I had to guard me, there fell upon me some thieves that slew all my men and took all that I had. Who acts: I, ten men, thieves. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Cra
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Craft of Mawgis, sentence 72

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yesterday, as I was passing over the river Gironde with ten men that I had to guard me, there fell upon me some thieves that slew all my men and took all that I had.

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**Who acts:** I, ten men, thieves · **What happens:** pass, have, guard, fall, slay, take · **To what, where:** river, ten men, me, thieves, men, that

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Craft of Mawgis. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ten men, thieves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:8:72
# text = Yesterday, as I was passing over the river Gironde with ten men that I had to guard me, there fell upon me some thieves that slew all my men and took all that I had.
1	Yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	Gironde	Gironde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	guard	guard	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
21	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	22	expl	_	_
22	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
25	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
28	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
29	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	31	det:predet	_	_
30	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
34	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	37	det:predet	_	_
35	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	obj	_	_
36	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past · progressive | I |  |  | the river |  | with ten men | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over river=Location |
| 2 | **have** | past | I | ten men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **guard** | to-infinitive | ten men *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **fall** | past |  | some thieves |  | there | yesterday | upon me | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient thief=Result |
| 5 | **slay** | past | some thieves | my men |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 6 | **take** | past | some thieves *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 7 | **have** | past | I | that |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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