---
title: But before he had audience of the King, the Duke Naymes and other Ba… — Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of F… · tree and pragmatics
description: But before he had audience of the King, the Duke Naymes and other Barons said to him, "It will be ill done if you deliver Richard to the King. Who acts: Roland, audience. A sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Craft of Mawgis, with its dep
---

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# Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Craft of Mawgis, sentence 94

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But before he had audience of the King, the Duke Naymes and other Barons said to him, "It will be ill done if you deliver Richard to the King.

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**Who acts:** Roland, audience · **What happens:** have, say, be, do, deliver · **To what, where:** Roland, Richard, King · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Craft of Mawgis. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, audience), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg75339:8:94
# text = But before he had audience of the King, the Duke Naymes and other Barons said to him, "It will be ill done if you deliver Richard to the King.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
2	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
5	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Duke	Duke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Naymes	Naymes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Barons	baron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	cop	_	_
24	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	advcl	_	_
25	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	conj	_	_
26	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	deliver	deliver	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
29	Richard	Richard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Roland |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | audience of the King and the Duke Naymes and other Barons |  | Roland |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | future | audience |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** *in a quote* | participle | audience *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **deliver** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | Roland | Richard | the King |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent richard=Theme to king=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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