---
title: He shot one of these and killed it and the last bear had to come dow… — Ojibwa myths and tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He shot one of these and killed it and the last bear had to come down when there was no shot ready for him. Who acts: Lake, last bear, shot. A sentence of «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, John York’s Own Story., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ojibwa myths and tales, John York’s Own Story., sentence 16

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He shot one of these and killed it and the last bear had to come down when there was no shot ready for him.

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**Who acts:** Lake, last bear, shot · **What happens:** shoot, kill, have, come down, be · **To what, where:** one, shot

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This is a sentence of «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, John York’s Own Story.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lake, last bear, shot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76755:29:16
# text = He shot one of these and killed it and the last bear had to come down when there was no shot ready for him.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	down	down	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	19	expl	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	21	det	_	_
21	shot	shot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	advcl	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot** | past | Lake | one of these |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **kill** | past | Lake *not said here* | shot |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past | the last bear |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **come down** | to-infinitive | the last bear *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | no shot |  |  |  |  | for Lake; ready *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Project Gutenberg book 76755 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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