---
title: There were stumps and stones down the hill and as they went down the… — Ojibwa myths and tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There were stumps and stones down the hill and as they went down the hill very fast, the boy thought to hit a stone and kill the old man, which he did. Who acts: stumps, boy. A sentence of «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Ne-we-no-nah K’she Mŭh., with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Ojibwa myths and tales, Ne-we-no-nah K’she Mŭh., sentence 36

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There were stumps and stones down the hill and as they went down the hill very fast, the boy thought to hit a stone and kill the old man, which he did.

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**Who acts:** stumps, boy · **What happens:** be, go down, think, hit, kill, do · **To what, where:** hill, stone, old man

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This is a sentence of «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Ne-we-no-nah K’she Mŭh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stumps, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76755:7:36
# text = There were stumps and stones down the hill and as they went down the hill very fast, the boy thought to hit a stone and kill the old man, which he did.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	down	down	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	hit	hit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | stumps and stones |  |  | there |  | down the hill | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go down** | past | stumps *= stump* | the hill |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hill=Extent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **hit** | to-infinitive | the boy *not said here* | a stone |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stone=Co-Theme |
| 5 | **kill** | infinitive | the boy *not said here* | the old man |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 6 | **do** | past | boy | the old man |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ojibwa myths and tales» by Geo. E. Laidlaw, Project Gutenberg book 76755 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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