---
title: Up to Burton’s time a lion—said to be a descendant of Nigar’s riding… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: Up to Burton’s time a lion—said to be a descendant of Nigar’s riding lion—used to be kept in a cage under a tamarind tree, close to Shah Makai’s last resting place. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., with its dependency tree and th
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/112/)

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 112

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Up to Burton’s time a lion—said to be a descendant of Nigar’s riding lion—used to be kept in a cage under a tamarind tree, close to Shah Makai’s last resting place.

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**What happens:** say, be, use, keep · **To what, where:** descendant, cage · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:10:112
# text = Up to Burton’s time a lion—said to be a descendant of Nigar’s riding lion—used to be kept in a cage under a tamarind tree, close to Shah Makai’s last resting place.
1	Up	up	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	Burton	Burton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’s	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	descendant	descendant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	Nigar	Nigar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	’s	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	xcomp	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	under	under	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	tamarind	tamarind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	parataxis	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
34	Shah	Shah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nmod:poss	_	_
35	Makai	Makai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	’s	's	PART	POS	_	34	case	_	_
37	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
38	resting	resting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a descendant |  |  |  | of Nigar's riding lion | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **keep** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  | a cage |  | under a tamarind tree | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: in cage=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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