---
title: As he left, a voice from heaven was heard to say “This city will soo… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: As he left, a voice from heaven was heard to say “This city will soon be swallowed because of its king’s wickedness. Who acts: Chota, voice. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 185

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As he left, a voice from heaven was heard to say “This city will soon be swallowed because of its king’s wickedness.

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**Who acts:** Chota, voice · **What happens:** leave, hear, say, swallow · **To what, where:** voice, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chota, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:10:185
# text = As he left, a voice from heaven was heard to say “This city will soon be swallowed because of its king’s wickedness.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	_
20	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	25	case	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	’s	's	PART	POS	_	23	case	_	_
25	wickedness	wickedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Chota |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hear** | past · passive |  | a voice from heaven |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | a voice from heaven *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **swallow** *in a quote* | future · passive |  | this city |  |  |  | because city's king's wickedness; soon *property* | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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