---
title: Beneath the wall flowed the river Indus, on whose waters the merchan… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: Beneath the wall flowed the river Indus, on whose waters the merchant ships of Brahmanabad carried the city’s commerce up and down Sind. Who acts: merchant ships. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 198

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Beneath the wall flowed the river Indus, on whose waters the merchant ships of Brahmanabad carried the city’s commerce up and down Sind.

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**Who acts:** merchant ships · **What happens:** flow, water, carry, sind · **To what, where:** river, commerce

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:10:198
# text = Beneath the wall flowed the river Indus, on whose waters the merchant ships of Brahmanabad carried the city’s commerce up and down Sind.
1	Beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	flowed	flow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	Indus	Indus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	waters	water	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Brahmanabad	Brahmanabad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’s	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	commerce	commerce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
22	up	up	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	down	down	ADV	RB	_	22	conj	_	_
25	Sind	sind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | past |  | the river |  |  |  | beneath the wall | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location river=Theme |
| 2 | **water** | present |  |  |  |  |  | whose *nmod:poss* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **carry** | past | the merchant ships of Brahmanabad | the city's commerce |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commerce=Theme |
| 4 | **sind** | infinitive | the merchant ships of Brahmanabad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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