---
title: Dalu Rai went to the verandah and looking down saw his courtyard ful… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: Dalu Rai went to the verandah and looking down saw his courtyard full of frightened people. Who acts: Dalu, looking. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 302

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Dalu Rai went to the verandah and looking down saw his courtyard full of frightened people.

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**Who acts:** Dalu, looking · **What happens:** go, look down, see · **To what, where:** verandah, courtyard · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dalu, looking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:10:302
# text = Dalu Rai went to the verandah and looking down saw his courtyard full of frightened people.
1	Dalu	Dalu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Rai	Rai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	verandah	verandah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	csubj	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	frightened	frightened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Dalu |  |  | the verandah |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to verandah=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **look down** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **see** | past | looking | Dalu's courtyard |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer courtyard=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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