---
title: The astonished Makhdum Nuh took his slate to his teacher, who found… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: The astonished Makhdum Nuh took his slate to his teacher, who found that what was written on it far transcended even his understanding. Who acts: astonished Makhdum Nuh, teacher, boat, Nuh. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., with i
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh., sentence 34

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The astonished Makhdum Nuh took his slate to his teacher, who found that what was written on it far transcended even his understanding.

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**Who acts:** astonished Makhdum Nuh, teacher, boat, Nuh · **What happens:** take, find, write, transcend, understand · **To what, where:** slate, teacher, understanding · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (astonished Makhdum Nuh, teacher, boat, Nuh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:10:34
# text = The astonished Makhdum Nuh took his slate to his teacher, who found that what was written on it far transcended even his understanding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	astonished	astonished	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Makhdum	Makhdum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Nuh	Nuh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	slate	slate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	ccomp	_	_
18	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	_
21	transcended	transcend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
22	even	even	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the astonished Makhdum Nuh | Nuh's slate | Nuh's teacher |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent slate=Theme to teacher=Destination |
| 2 | **find** | past | Nuh's teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **write** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | what *nsubj:pass* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **transcend** | past | boat | Nuh's understanding |  |  |  | far *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot understanding=Theme |
| 5 | **understand** |  | Nuh |  |  |  |  |  | nom understanding «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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