--- title: Shah Makai as a true and devout believer, had but little difficulty… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics description: Shah Makai as a true and devout believer, had but little difficulty in performing this feat and the next time that Nigar rode abroad, she saw to her surprise and pleasure Shah Makai astride of a maned lion, hardly less majestic than her own. Who acts: Shah, little difficulty, Nigar, Straightway. 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A. Kincaid, Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shah, little difficulty, Nigar, Straightway), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg76982:10:89 # text = Shah Makai as a true and devout believer, had but little difficulty in performing this feat and the next time that Nigar rode abroad, she saw to her surprise and pleasure Shah Makai astride of a maned lion, hardly less majestic than her own. 1 Shah Shah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 2 Makai Makai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 as as ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 5 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 devout devout ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 believer believer NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 10 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 but but CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 difficulty difficulty NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 14 in in SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 15 performing perform VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 acl _ _ 16 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 17 det _ _ 17 feat feat NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 22 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 24 obj _ _ 23 Nigar Nigar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 rode ride VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 25 abroad abroad ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ _ 29 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 surprise surprise NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 pleasure pleasure NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 34 Shah Shah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 appos _ _ 35 Makai Makai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 flat _ _ 36 astride astride ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 maned maned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 lion lion NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 less less ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 44 advmod _ _ 44 majestic majestic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 conj _ _ 45 than than ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ _ 47 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Shah as a true believer | little difficulty | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficulty=Patient | | 2 | **perform** | gerund | little difficulty *not said here* | this feat and the next time | | | | | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feat=Theme | | 3 | **ride** | past | Nigar | the next time | | | | abroad *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | | 4 | **see** | past | Straightway | | | | | to Straightway's surprise and pleasure; astride a maned lion | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **surprise** | | Straightway | | | | | | nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 88](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/88/) - next →: [sentence 90](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/90/) - ↑ back to [Makhdum Niamat Ullah and Makhdum Nuh.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/10/)