---
title: Once upon a time there ruled over Sind a king, who throughout his re… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time there ruled over Sind a king, who throughout his reign had been distinguished for wisdom and justice; but he had grown old and had only one son, born to him by one of his queens, when he was in the evening of his life. Who acts: king. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» b
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, The Eighth Key., sentence 1

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Once upon a time there ruled over Sind a king, who throughout his reign had been distinguished for wisdom and justice; but he had grown old and had only one son, born to him by one of his queens, when he was in the evening of his life.

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**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** sind, distinguish, grow, have, bear, be · **To what, where:** king, one son

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, The Eighth Key.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:11:1
# text = Once upon a time there ruled over Sind a king, who throughout his reign had been distinguished for wisdom and justice; but he had grown old and had only one son, born to him by one of his queens, when he was in the evening of his life.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
6	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	Sind	sind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
13	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	parataxis	_	_
28	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	xcomp	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
31	only	only	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	_
33	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	27	conj	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	_
38	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	queens	queen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
44	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	49	advmod	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
46	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
52	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sind** | past |  | a king |  | there | time | once, over *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **distinguish** | past · perfect · passive |  | a king |  |  |  | for wisdom and justice; king's reign *nsubj:pass* | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | past · perfect | king |  |  |  |  | old *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | past | king *not said here* | one son |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
| 5 | **bear** | participle | king *not said here* |  | king |  |  | by one of king's queens | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **is** | past | king |  |  |  | in the evening | of king's life | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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