---
title: Learning that Vankhandi was no more, the merchant refused to return… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: Learning that Vankhandi was no more, the merchant refused to return to Shikarpur and infinitely firm of purpose, he vowed to sit by the edge of the river and neither to eat nor to drink until the Swami came himself to accept the necklace. Who acts: merchant, Vankhandi, Swami. A sentence of «Folk tal
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Swami Vankhandi of Sadh Belo., sentence 47

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Learning that Vankhandi was no more, the merchant refused to return to Shikarpur and infinitely firm of purpose, he vowed to sit by the edge of the river and neither to eat nor to drink until the Swami came himself to accept the necklace.

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**Who acts:** merchant, Vankhandi, Swami · **What happens:** learn, not be, refuse, not return, vow, sit · **To what, where:** Shikarpur, merchant, necklace

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Swami Vankhandi of Sadh Belo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant, Vankhandi, Swami), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:15:47
# text = Learning that Vankhandi was no more, the merchant refused to return to Shikarpur and infinitely firm of purpose, he vowed to sit by the edge of the river and neither to eat nor to drink until the Swami came himself to accept the necklace.
1	Learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	Vankhandi	Vankhandi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	no	no	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Shikarpur	Shikarpur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	infinitely	infinitely	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	firm	firm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	vowed	vow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
35	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	37	cc	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	conj	_	_
38	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	Swami	Swami	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
41	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	advcl	_	_
42	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	41	obj	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	mark	_	_
44	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	xcomp	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	necklace	necklace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | gerund | the merchant *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | Vankhandi |  |  |  |  | more *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **refuse** | past | the merchant |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **return** | to-infinitive | the merchant *not said here* |  | Shikarpur and firm of purpose |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to shikarpur=Result |
| 5 | **vow** | past | merchant |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **sit** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | merchant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the edge of the river | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by edge=Location |
| 7 | **eat** | to-infinitive | merchant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | neither *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **drink** | to-infinitive | merchant *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **come** | past | the Swami | merchant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **accept** | to-infinitive | the Swami *not said here* | the necklace |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent necklace=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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